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Drawing in pencil and pen are two very different things. I will start with pen since this is the medium i like to use best and the one i have been using lately.
Obviously the first thing you need to do is decide what it is you want to draw and the style you want. If you want your artwork to look exactly like the scene you are drawing then i find that pencil is best, the same is true of drawing people. I prefer to draw lanscapes in pen (see lakes on my site).
Once you have an image, you should choose the pen you will use. I prefer a small tip black artists pen. indian ink is best for what i draw as it doesn't run when wet, but some great effects can be achieved with water soluable ink.
Now all you need is the paper. you don't need to spend loads of money here. I use watercolour paper, it may seem strange but the texture helps me to draw.
Now you can get drawing. Start off by lightly outlining the image. Make sure that it is very light. If you are not very confident it might be better to do this part in pencil first so that you can rub out if you make mistakes.
The next step is to try to show the contours of the land you are drawing. Do this by sweeping lines for hills and flat land and short angular lines for rock. As you fill in more areas you will see the image gradually appearing and you should gain more confidnece from this.
The best advice i can give you is just to relax and enjoy yourself. It doesn't matter if you make mistakes or if your final piece looks nothing like the photo. Don't get too tense, this will stop you from expressing yourself properly.
Now for drawing in pencil.
When using this medium there is much more scope for texture and detail in your drawings. The materials you will require are a set of pencils, if you are starting out any pencil will do but i use inexpensive pencils from 4H to 6B. I find that this range is more than enough to get the right texture for most types of drawing.
drawing faces is something that most people find very difficult. It isn't. All you have to do is view the face as another object rather than a living thing. If you break down each area of the face into something smaller, you will find it much easier to handle.
1. start with the shape of the face, this is basically an oval shape.
2. get the essential features in place e.g. eyes, ears, nose, mouth. Just get the outline, don't put any detail in at this stage. Leave the hair to last.
3. next you can start to shade. Put the darkest areas of the face in first and build the rest of the shading round these starting with the eyes, mouth and nose. Once you have the darkest areas in place don't change them either to make them lighter or darker. If you balance the rest of the face with what you have done here your final image will look good.
The important thing to remember when doing these stages is that you need to concentrate. Without a measure of concentration your drawing will not be successful.
4. once you have all the shading finished you can concentrate on the hair. This is where you can realx a bit and have fun. You don't need quite so much concentration for this area.
Step 1
Using the hardest pencil you have, make indentations to where the highlights would be in place. You'll thank yourself for doing this later on.
Step 2
Using the softest pencil, darken all necessary areas that needs to be darken in accordance with the original picture. Do not touch the ones you've done on step 1 yet.
Step 3
using a medium hard pencil or medium soft, or whatever you prefer, try to over lap the indentations you made in step 1 and see what happens. Those indentations that you made would turn into highlights. Now its just a matter of adjusting your shade and tapering it correctly. You dont necessarily have to get it perfect as long as it looks convincingly real thats all that matters.
Step 4
This step is all about double checking your work. Make sure you check for details that you may have left out. Adjust your shading. Do corrections and so forth.
After the hair you are almost done!
5. This step is just about the finishing touches e.g. the neck, clothes and chest. These should be very easy for you after completing the other four steps.
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