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art as art
Modernism (French modernisme, from Lat. Modernus - a new, modern) - collective designation of all the latest trends, directions, schools and activities of individual works of art in XX.
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Modernism (French modernisme, from Lat. Modernus - a new, modern) - collective designation of all the latest trends, directions, schools and activities of individual works of art in XX., Break with tradition, realistic and consider the experiment basis for creative method (fovizm, expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, abstractionism, Dada, surrealism, pop art, op art, kinetic art, giperrealizm etc.). Modernism is close to the value avangardizmu and opposed to academic. Modernism negatively valued Soviet art critics as a crisis phenomenon bourgeois culture. Art has the freedom to choose their historical ways. Contradictions of modernism, as such, should be viewed not static, but in the historical dynamics.
Pop Art (English pop art, from popular art - a popular art) - the direction in the art of Western Europe and the U.S. since the late 1950's. The heyday of pop art took place in the turbulent 60's, when many countries in Europe and America youth riots broke out. The youth movement did not have the same goal - it merged pathos denial. Young people were willing to throw overboard all the past culture. All this is reflected in art.
The distinguishing feature pop-art combination of a call with indifference. All are equally valuable or equally invaluable, equally good or equally bezobrazno, equally worthy or not worthy. Perhaps only an advertising business based on the same dispassionately, busily respect to the entire world. It is no coincidence that advertisements had a great influence on pop art, and many of its representatives worked and worked in advertising centers. People in advertising and TV broadcasts can iskromsat into pieces and combine them in the proper combination of washing powder and a famous masterpiece of art, toothpaste and fugu Bach. Similarly, receiving and pop art.
The motives of mass culture operated pop art in different ways. In the picture are introduced through a collage of photographs or real objects, usually in unexpected or totally absurd combinations (Robert Rauschenberg, Uor E. Hall, R. Hamilton). Art may imitate compositional techniques and technology billboards, picture comics can be increased to a large canvas (R. Lihtensteyn). Sculpture can be combined with mulyazhami. For example, the artist K. Oldenburg created a semblance of vitrinnyh mulyazhey foods enormous amount of unusual materials
Between sculpture and painting often have no borders. Art piece of pop art is often not only has three dimensions, but also fills an entire exhibition room. Because of these changes the original image of the object of mass culture is transformed and is perceived very differently than in real domestic environment.
The main category of pop art is not art image and his "mark", delivers the author of rukotvornogo process of its creation, the image of something (M. Duchamp). This process was introduced to expand the concept art and include inartistic action, "exit" of Arts in mass culture. Artists pop-art initiated such forms as heppening, subject installation, envayroment and other forms of conceptual art. Similar currents: Underground, giperrealizm, op art, Redi-meyd etc.
Op-Art (en op art, reduced. Of optical art - optical art) - the direction in the art of the XX century. That has received widespread in the 1960's. Artists op art using various visual illusions, drawing on the particular plane of perception and spatial figures. The effects of spatial displacement, mergers, man achieved the introduction of rhythmic repetition, color and sharp tonal contrasts, the intersection of the swirl and lattice configurations, serpentine lines. In op-arte often used the installation of light-changing, dynamic design of Illusions of streaming traffic, successive images, fragile, continuously restructured form arise in the op-arte only sense of the viewer. Heading continued technical line of modernism.
7. Kinetic art
Kinetic art (from gr. Kinetikos - resulting in motion) - the direction of contemporary art related to the widespread use of moving structures and other elements of momentum. Kineticism as a separate line formed in the second half of 1950, but it was preceded by experience of dynamic sculpture in Russian Constructivism (V. Tatlin, K. Melnikov, A. Rodchenko), Dada.
Previously, folk art is also shown us samples of moving objects and toys such as wooden bird of happiness from the Arkhangelsk region, mechanical toys that simulate work processes, from the village of Bogorodskoye, etc.
In the kinetic art movement is introduced in different ways, some works dynamically transformed by a spectator, while others - fluctuations in air, and still driven by a motor or electromagnetic force. Unlimited variety of materials - from traditional to ultramodern equipment, up to computers and lasers. Often, kinetic compositions using a mirror.
In many cases the illusion of movement created a changing lighting - here Kineticism meshed with op-art. Receptions Kineticism widely used in exhibitions, fairs, discos, the design squares, parks, public interiors.
Kineticism aspires to the synthesis of the arts: the movement of an object in space may be supplemented by special effects lighting, sound, Lighting, movies, etc.
Giperrealizm (English hyperrealism) - the direction in painting and sculpture, created in the United States and became a milestone in the global art 70-ies of the XX century. Another name giperrealizma - fotorealizm.
The artists of this type of simulated photos of the paintings on canvas. They portrayed the world of modern cities: shop windows and restaurants, subway stations and traffic lights, residential buildings and bystanders on the streets. In doing so, special attention was drawn to the bright, light reflecting surface: glass, plastic, polished cars, etc. The game reflections on such surfaces creates the impression interaction spaces.
Giperrealistov The goal was to portray the world not just reliably, and sverhpohozhe, sverhrealno. To do this they used mechanical means to copy photos and increase their size to large canvases (diaproektsiyu and large-scale grid). The paint tends to dissipate the airbrush to keep all the features pictures, delete the expression of an individual artist's handwriting.
In addition, visitors to the exhibition of this trend could meet in the halls of human figures made of modern polymeric materials in the life-size, dressed in store clothes and painted in such a way that they do not differ from the spectators. This has caused much confusion and shocked people.
Fotorealizm set its goal to aggravate our perception of commonness, to symbolize the modern environment, reflected in the forms of our time "technical arts", it is widespread in this era of technological progress. Fixing and exposing modernity, hiding copyright emotions fotorealizm in its policy work has been on the border of art and not just crossed, because it sought to compete with life itself.
Redi-meyd (s ready made - ready) - one of the common techniques of modern (avangardistskogo) art, was that of industrial production vyryvaetsya of common household environment and on display in the exhibition hall.
The meaning of Redi-meyda is: when changing environment and changing the perception of an object. Çðèòåëü âèäèò â ïðåäìåòå, âûñòàâëåííîì íà ïîäèóìå, íå óòèëèòàðíóþ âåùü, à õóäîæåñòâåííûé îáúåêò, âûðàçèòåëüíîñòü ôîðìû è öâåòà. Íàçâàíèå ðåäè-ìåéä âïåðâûå â 1913 - 1917 ãîäû ïðèìåíèë Ì. Äþøàí ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ñâîèì "ãîòîâûì îáúåêòàì" (ðàñ÷åñêå, âåëîñèïåäíîìó êîëåñó, ñóøèëêå äëÿ áóòûëîê).  60-õ ãîäàõ ðåäè-ìåéä ïîëó÷èë øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â ðàçëè÷íûõ íàïðàâëåíèÿõ àâàíãàðäèñòñêîãî èñêóññòâà, îñîáåííî â äàäàèçìå.
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