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Art as art
The notion of «Art» - this is art in general: literature, architecture, sculpture, paintings, drawings, decorative and applied arts.

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The notion of «Art» - this is art in general: literature, architecture, sculpture, paintings, drawings, decorative and applied arts, music, dance, theater, cinema and other kinds of human activity, brings an artistic-shaped reflection of reality.
In the history of aesthetic essence of art interpreted as imitation (mimezis), sensual expression supersensible and the like.
Aesthetics sees art as a form of social consciousness, a specific kind of spiritual and practical learning from the world of organic unity of creation, learning, assessment and human communication, in the narrow sense - visual arts, a high degree of skill mastery in any sphere of human activity.
The main types of art: paintings, drawings, sculpture, architecture, literature, cinema, theater.
Consider the basic concepts of certain species, directions and methods of Modern Art.

2. Art as art

Art is an ancient art that has passed over many centuries, the evolution of rock paintings up to the latest trends in art XI. Art has a wide range of opportunities to translate the idea of realism to abstraktsionizma. The enormous spiritual treasures accumulated during its development.
At the end of XIX-XX centuries. development of painting is particularly complex and controversial. Various realistic and modernistic currents are gaining the right to exist.
You receive an abstract painting, which marked the abandonment of fine and active expression of a personal relationship to the artist's world, emotions and conventionality of color, utrirovannost and geometrization forms, decorative and associativity composite solutions.
In the XX century. continued to search for new paint and technological means to create paintings that undoubtedly led to new styles in painting, but oil painting has remained one of the most popular techniques of artists.

3. Type of Fine Arts - Graphics

Graphics (from gr. Grapho - write, paint) - the kind of fine art, which is associated with an image on the plane. Graphics are united image as a separate region, and various types of printed graphics: on a tree (woodcut), engravings on metal (etching), lithography, linocut, prints on cardboard, etc.
Figure is a unique schedule because each image is unique. The works of printed graphics can be reproduced (copied), equivalent in many instances - estampah. Each stamp is the original and not copy the work.
Drawing is the basis for all kinds of charts and other visual arts. Typically, graphics running on a sheet of paper. Artists sometimes very simple - graphite pencil or ballpoint pens to do a graphic image. In other cases he uses to create his works difficult adapting the printing press, lithographic stones, tools (Graver) for linoleum or wood, and much more.
The term "timetable" was originally used only in relation to the letter and calligraphy. Art Font has long been associated with the graphics. The new meaning and understanding it received in late XIX - early XX centuries. When the schedule defined as independent art.
Language graphics and chief of its expressive means - this line, bar, contour, stain and tone. Actively involved in establishing the overall impression of the product graphics white sheet of paper. Expressive image can be achieved even with only black. That is why the schedule is often called the art of black and white. However, this does not preclude the use of color in the schedule.
The boundaries between graphics and paintings are very mobile, for example, the technique watercolors, pastels, gouaches and sometimes classify it as one, then another kind of art, depending on the extent to which used the color that prevails in the work - line, or spot, What is its function.
One of the distinguishing features graphics is particularly relevant izobrazhaemogo subject to space. Pure white background sheet is not taken pictures, and even appear under the colorful layer of background paper conditionally accepted as a space. Especially evident this can be seen in the schedule book, when the image is placed on a clean page, located at the perceived interior space, streets, landscape, in accordance with the text, rather than on the snowy field.
Artistic expression dignity graphics lies in its laconicism, tank images, concentration and strict selection of graphics tools. Some nedoskazannost, a symbol of how to hint to him, are particularly valuable image, they are calculated on the active imagination of the viewer.
In this regard, not only carefully prorisovannye graphic lists, but runaway sketches, sketches from life, sketches of songs have their own artistic value.
Timetable available a variety of genres (portrait, landscape, still life, etc.) and virtually unlimited opportunities for photos and images interpret the world.
On the appointment of different round, book and newspaper, magazines, applied graphics and a poster.
Artworks easel graphics can be seen at the shows. This tends to figures that are independent significance, as well as the printed schedule. Graphic lists easily perenosimy, they may be intended not only for exhibitions but also for interior decoration of residential and public buildings. Specific types are Easel schedule - splint (folk picture), and the news-magazine - caricature (from Italy. Caricature - exaggerated; this picture, in which the comic effect is created connecting the real and fantastic).
Styling newspapers and magazines based on the connection with the text, as well as in the book schedule, and kept in the same style in one type of publication.
The most important area is the book schedule. In ancient manuscript books and paint pictures performed manually. They called miniatures. Book schedule is not simply part of publishing or the means to transfer knowledge, it is part of the culture.
All the elements of book design - and located inside the books, and external - to create complete work of art. The artist determines the size (format) books, especially the type, location of recruitment (text), a diverse illustrative material. But particularly great role of artists illustrators, when they perform elements appearance book cover or cover), forzats and various design elements within the book.
By the application schedule includes greeting cards, colorful calendars, envelopes to the plates, which painted a painter, and much more. Labels on the various packages - this also applied or industrial graphics (promgrafika), which has a practical purpose, helping to navigate the large number of diverse products, adorns our everyday life.
In a separate area devoted poster graphics. He typically responds to a lively place major events (Olympics, contests, concerts, exhibitions, etc.). Adopted provide a few basic types of posters: political, sports, environmental, advertising, satirical, educational, theatrical shows, etc.
The modern graphic design includes not only the fonts, but also a variety of landmark images, including geometric and plant.
A new kind of a computer graphics. The artists perform songs from the hard intersecting lines, bulky items, patterns, colors spots in the display, then print on your printer from the image. The ability to rapidly respond to the graphics current events, express feelings and thoughts the artist, technological developments create conditions for the emergence of new types of graphics.

Surrealism (French surrealisme - sverhrealizm) - the direction in literature and art in XX. established in the 1920's,. Vozniknuv in France at the initiative of writer A. Breton, Surrealism soon became an international focus. Surrealist view that creative energy comes from the subconscious, which manifests itself during sleep, hypnosis, painful nonsense, sudden insights, automatic action (random walk with pencil and paper, etc.).
Surrealist painters, unlike abstractionist not abandon the image of real objects, but represent them in the chaos, deliberately deprived of logical relationships. The absence of meaning, the rejection of a reasonable reflection of reality - the basic principle of art surrealism. On isolation from real life and said the name directions: "sur" in French "over" the artists do not claim to reflect reality, and mentally put their creation "of" realism, for issuing a work of art delusional fantasy. Thus, in the number composed of the same paintings syurrealisticheskih, unable to explain the work of Max Ernst, Miro J., Y. Tang, as well as items that are processed beyond recognition surrealist (M. Oppenheim).